But is it Art-Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

But is it Art-Gender - Essay Example in this way, such as Gender and Genius written by Christine Battersby arguing about how the term genius came to be applied to men only and Gender and the Musical Canon by Marcia J. Citron in arguing why the female composer has been left out of academic texts recognizing the brilliant composers of history. It is presented as something different from sexual orientation as examples of Maplethorpe and the at least partially homoerotic depictions of Leonardo and Michelangelo are described. However, it is also used to apply to the images of art as being gendered. For example, the author talks about the image of flowers being primarily the subject of female artists while the images of people and historic events are the province of men, thus introducing gender into the very subject of the paintings. As the author points out, though, these definitions are not always as clear as they might seem, indicating the flower paintings of Monet and Van Gogh while also mentioning the restriction on wome n throughout much of history from participating in art classes that contained nude figures, making classical and historic depictions difficult if not impossible for the female artist. They pointed out the great absence of women in the creative world as creators and writers rather than as subjects to be consumed. In their posters and other publications, they made it clear that there were many more female creators operating in these fields than had been ‘discovered’ by the established art societies including fine art, theatre and film. They also made it clear that the voices of women can never be heard when translated through the medium of a man’s understanding by illustrating how the sexual imagery of recognized painters such as Georgia O’Keefe are denounced as overly obsessed with the concept of sex while similar imagery by male artists is honored as deeply philosophical, alluding to something greater than mere sex and compelling to the modern audience. This continued

Cadbury: Porters Five Forces, and PESTEL Analysis

Cadbury: Porters Five Forces, and PESTEL Analysis In order to recommend what strategy is needed for a company to follow is essential to analyze the competitive environment where they operate. When analyzing the competitive environment of Cadbury, the factors that should be considered are both factors from the confectionery industry and factors from the macro environment, which would have an effect on the successful operation of the company. I have chosen Porters Five Forces, and PESTEL analysis. 1.1 Porters Five Forces Bargaining power of buyers: Porter (2008) stated that where the product is a small  fraction of buyers costs or expenditures, buyers are usually less price sensitive. Cadbury has to categories of buyers namely, consumers or retailer. Retail buyers are the group that has the most effect for Cadbury and other confectionery producers. They are mainly large retailers like i.e. Tesco, Asda in UK. There is competition for shelf space and threat of backward integration especially with brand only products. That is a very important group, which is directly correlated with the revenue. It could have high effect. Bargaining power of suppliers: Group that has big impact on the final product, in terms of quality and price. The main commodities used by Cadbury are cocoa, milk, and sugar. Any change in the price of those commodities will affect directly the price of the product and the profitability. Confectionery manufacturers are facing increasing cost pressures as Cocoa prices hit their highest levels for 23 years due to fall in Cocoa production (BBC, 2008). Cadbury is using commodity derivative contracts for cocoa and sugar. Cadbury Cocoa partnership is established to insure sustainable supply of Cocoa by supporting Cocoa farmers in Ghana, India, Indonesia and Caribbean (Cadbury, 2008). Another way perhaps to strengthen their position would be a backward integration, where they would acquire one or more of their suppliers to ensure that they have control over the commodity price (Johnson et al, 2008). Moderate effect. Rivalry among existing competitors: Confectionary is an industry with stiff competition amongst its players. There are five major players competing globally in confectionery industry: Nestle, Mars Wrigley, Cadbury, Ferrero Rocher and Hershey with about 42% share of global market (Cadbury, 2008). All of the major players in the industry have very sound brands worldwide. There is a high growth rate of 5% in the developed countries, and about 10% in the emerging markets, which makes the confectionery industry very attractive. Because of the high competition, there is possibility of competition of prices, which will cause the company to operate with lower margins. High effect. Threat of substitute products: World Health Organization (WHO) (2008) estimates that in 2005 at least 400 million adults worldwide were obese and forecasted that this figure in 2015 will be 700 million. USA, UK, and Germany are among the countries with largest number of people that are obese, overweight, and have cardiovascular health problems on the other hand those countries are the largest confectionery markets in the world. Consumers are becoming more and more aware of healthy eating, so the snacking habits are changing. There are numbers of substitutes emerging on the market, products like cereal bars and fruit bars are threat for the chocolate industry, as health conscious parents especially, would opt for the healthier option. Chocolatiers try to add value to their chocolate, with vitamins or antioxidants or by removing fat and sugar from the confection (Scully, C., 2006). Moreover consumers want firms to avoid e-numbers or synthetic colours and require instead organic substan ces In this regard many people think of the possible health benefits from the chocolate they eat. Consequently a further development will start. Special groups like diabetics or allergy sufferers will rise in importance. (Vreeland, C., 2007). The other main direction in the confection industry is the tendency to pure black and high quality chocolate. Thus, the sweet is turning into a way in which people express their selves. Candy Industry (2006) clarifies this with the headline of one of their reports Dark and Decadent vs. Milk and Mainstream. The statement is underpinned by several data. In 2006 the sales of dark chocolate increased by 40%, every third chocolate released was a dark chocolate and the premium market was foretold to grow over 20% in the next periods. The bitter chocolate has the benefit of a low sugar rate and a lot of antioxidants that makes it much more healthy then normal sweets. A dark chocolate is a bit of luxury at a reasonable price, perhaps thats a reason why this kind of sweet is so popular. The last point which supports the trend is that premium chocolate is for a multilateral use, for instance as a gift or decoration, optimally suitable (Rehan, 2007). The effect is high. Threat of a new entry: as the confectionery market is dominated by well established brands, as sated while analyzing the rivals, and they are Nestle, Mars Wrigley, Cadbury, Ferrero Rocher and Hershey, with 42% of the market (Cadbury, 2008) for a new company is very difficult to enter the market, unless they come up with new interesting product, something to go in line with the healthy lifestyle perhaps, as discussed above. However, it will be difficult to take a considerable market share, as they would be competing against very well established companies, with also established brand names, distribution channels and high capital investment. Other barriers for new entrants are economies of scale and experience of major operators in production and distribution (Johnson, et al 2008). On the other hand those barriers might not be effective for a company that is diversifying, like Nestle, they used their strong position of the confectionery market to enter the ice cream market (Reader, 2 006). The effect on Cadbury is low. 1.2 PESTEL Analysis Political: Only 10 countries in the world produce more than 90% of the worlds cocoa (Worlds Coco Foundation, 2007). The major problem in those countries is poverty. The main concern for the companies trading with those countries is political stability, as instability can have effect on the price, and the supply. Economic: Recent fall in the value of the pound, is one economic factor that affects all the companies that operate in UK, and have business connections with other countries. Cadbury operates in more than 60 countries in the world. Cadbury suppliers of their main commodity cocoa are not British, as outlined above. The depreciation of the pound makes the prices of cocoa more expensive; even though Cadbury had future contracts to hedge against situations like that it will still affect the operation in longer run, when new future contracts need to be made. On the other hand interest rates are very low in England at the moment. The base rate is only 0.5% (Bank of England, 2010). Companies can benefit with lower interest borrowing. Social: Fair trade with cocoa farmers is a social factor, as affects how the company is perceived by the consumers. Fair trade means that a company buys a tone of cocoa at the market price and pays a social premium for the commodity. This benefits the planter because of a steady income stream, which is more independent from the volatility of the market price. Furthermore a company with a fair trade label pays a percentage of the selling price to the centralized fair trade organization. Corporations try to redeem these disadvantages through a higher quality of cocoa beans (Westen, 2006). Furthermore an enterprise could gain a competitive advantage because of their social commitment. The customer can see a fair trade certification on the package and this is becoming more and more important. As outlined above Cadbury operates in more than 60 countries in the world. When a company operates in more than one country potential problems are conflicts between different cultural groups, language difficulties, stereotyping, and mutual misunderstanding (Greenhause, et al, 2010). Technological: Availability of high-tech machinery enables the company to produce high quality product at lower prices, which helps the company to gain competitive advantage. Another point is the widespread of the internet and satellite television, makes it easier to advertise to bigger audience of potential consumers. Environmental: The cocoa plant needs a stable climate. But the ideal conditions in  Africa and South America are in danger because of global warming. The weather will be  unpredictable and natural disasters are possible. Consequently the plants get hurt and the productivity decreases. Moreover disease destroys over 20% of the cacao beans that should be use for chocolate production every year (Ogodo, 2006).Therefore companies should search ways to secure a steady flow of cocoa in the required amount and quality. Cooperation with the World Cocoa Foundation could be a solution. Confectioners like Ferrero, Lindt, Thorntons and Nestle realise this potential and try to improve future expectations (World Cocoa Foundation, 2007) Legal: Affecting the industry are two new legislations that came into force in 2003 in UK. Regulations concerning contaminants in food and organic products force firms to obey and perhaps change their own practices (Baxter, 2006). The company had a very strong financial position with sales revenue growth of 14.6% compared with the previous year, which was due to increase in price, rather than increase in volume of sales, (Bonfield, 2009). Increasing price with no increase in the quality results in higher margins, however it is a very risky strategy to follow as the consumers might not agree with it, the company can lose market share (Johnson, et al 2008). The profit margins have increased from 5.41% in 2007 to 7.43% in 2008, and are higher than the average which stands at 6.42%. That is an indicator of successful cuts in cost. Main reason for that is cutting the number of employees, in 2007 the number of employees was 50,465, and in 2008 was nearly 4000 less down to 46,517. ROCE was nearly doubled in 2008 rising from 3.78% to 7.29%, and was much higher than the average ROCE for the industry, which was 5.53%. This increase in part can be from divestment of Americas Beverages in 2008 during 2008 that had lower R OCE than other companies in the group. According to Cadburys annual report (2008) In July 2008 Company issued new  £350m sterling bond with a coupon of 7.25%and underlying interest rate for Cadbury in 2008 was 6.5%. This means that Cadbury is not producing ROCE much more than its current cost of capital. On the other hand Nestles ROCE is an impressive 21.5% that indicates that the operating costs in UK are much higher, like wages, rent, administrative expenses etc. Current ratio which indicates the companys liquidity is 0.86% for 2008 for Cadbury, which is an improvement from previous year when it was 0.58%. That indicates that their liability has decreased during 2008. Compared to the competitors is obvious that they are not as liquid as Nestle, with current ratio of 1%, however their performance for 2008 compared with the industry average which is 0.72% indicates that they are doing better than the majority. Gering Ratio has decreased from 123.69% to 89.66% in 2008 mostly because of the demerger with the Americas Beverages which was financed by debt. At 2008 their gearing was lower than the average that was 106.6. That is an indicator that if the company needs to borrow, it will not be difficult to find a lender, as they are outperforming the average. Return on shareholders funds is 11.36% nearly doubled compared to year before when it was 6.10%. Nestles return is again much higher at 14.76%. However Cadburys Return on Shareholders funds is again better than the average for the industry which seats at 8.73%. (Weetman, 2006) (Nestle, 2008) (Fame, 2009)(Cadbury, 2009) CORPORATE STRATEGY CURRENTLY BEING PERSUED Vision into action is the name of the strategy pursued by Cadbury. The main outcome of the strategy is to achieve mid teen margins by 2011, alongside with 4-6% organic revenue growth, and improved return on capital employed. If all of that is achieved Cadbury PLC is going to be in an excellent position financially and marketwise, and would deliver outstanding return for their shareholders and become the largest confectionery company in the world. Cadburys priorities stated in the strategy were: growth, efficiency, and capability (Cadbury, 2009). In order to achieve the priorities cost reduction was very important, which resulted in increase in profit by 2.02% the de-merger of US Beverage happened in May 2008, as it was difficult for a British company to compete against American giants such as Coca Cola and Pepsi Co (Market Watch, 2008). And because it was an unrelated diversification from Cadburys main focus on chocolate, gum, and candy. Originally Cadbury wanted to sell the business, as Colley et al. (2002) suggests that a company may not have the time or resources to focus on particular division. Selling the units that lack long term prospects would bring in cash that can be used in what would be considered more advantageous ways. However a lack of interest from cash shy investors forced it to split the business instead. Instead of adding value to the Parent Company, if that given unit adds in management costs, adds to bureaucratic complexity and obscure financial performance, it is not feasible to continue with their oper ation (Johnson et al, 2008). The recent acquisition of Adam business is of immense benefit to Cadbury having gain number two position in gum business. They are focused in Integrating these recent acquisitions for sustainable growth. In order to implement strategy successfully there should be match between strategy and organisational structure. Roquebert et al. (1996) argue that in essence the structure of the organisation and its fit to environment determines the relative degree of profitability. Alfred Chandler (1962) concluded that structure follows strategy. New group structure of seven business units instead of four was introduced and de-layering organization for faster decision making and reduction in administrative cost. Strategic business unit is a part of an organization for which there is a distinct external market for goods or services that is different from another strategic business unit SBU (Johnson et al, 2008). The definition for SBU by CIMA, (2006) adds that SBU has a significant degree of autonomy, typically being responsible for developing and marketing their own product. In the case of Cadbury there is no evidence that shows these business units will have any autonomy in developing their own m arkets and products. Alongside what I have mentioned several other activities had been carried out in order to implement the strategy, such as the reconfiguration of production in Australia and New Zealand to reduce complexity of production, ant the closure of the nonperforming plants i.e. Barcelona and Turkey Gum plants and Somerdale Chocolate plant (Cadbury, 2009). Cadbury is a large company that only concentrates in one industry. In a study carried out by Schmalensee in 1985 was found that the industry effect is very significant and accounts for at least 75% of the variance of industry rates of return on assets, which is directly correlated with the profit of the firm. He also found that market share effects exist it share has positive relation with profitability but its effect is negligible and industry and market share affects are negatively correlated. Within the industry this is competitive advantage that accounts for profitability of company. Cadbury at the moment does not have competitive advantage over its rivals. Profit target set for 2013 that is operating margin of 16%-18% (11.9%for 2008) shows that understanding this fact managers are trying to gain competitive advantage over other global players by focusing on performance and increasing profit (Hill and Jones, 2007). RECOMMENDATION Based on the findings regarding the competitive environment where the company operates, and on Cadburys financial performance and current strategy, l can give recommendations for a strategy to be followed, supported by a Balanced Scored Card provided in Appendix 1. The main goal as it was outlined in the existing strategy is Increase in Shareholders Value. For the goal to be achieved every department in the Company should be involved. I will explain the implementation of the strategy starting from implementation in the process of learning and growth, than the implementation across the internal processes, followed by what would the strategy mean to the customers, finishing with how will the strategy affect the financial perspective. In order for a company to be successful the most important asset are the employees. Very important part of any strategy is how happy the employees are? Are they driving the business towards the goal set by the management? In order to achieve the points made is very important that the team fully understands the strategy and the underlying assumptions. The employees should work as a team with a successful communication between them, which contributes to faster decision making. For best results Cadbury should employ and retain high performers, for example high performing managers, or specialists in the field of RD. Once those employees are on board is very important to retain them, by appropriate pay, safe conditions, training and development to achieve their full potential. After the Kraft take over, and numerous job cuts, the team morale is low (BBC, March 2010), and it is very important that they get the support needed, and understand the big picture. Another crucial area of successes is investing in RD. As outlined by the analysis using the Porter Five Forces, there is a threat of substitutes, to develop products in line with the changing consumer habits (WHO, 2008) healthier variety of snacks should be introduced. Consumers are becoming more health concern, and are happy to pay higher price for a good quality, example of that is Innocent, focused on healthy food and drink, 100% smoothies, packed fruits and vegetables, which in the nine years they exist has grown from just a three employees to 268, and is one of the fastest growing companies with revenue of over 120 million pounds (Innocent, 2009). As explained by Ansoffs Matrix possible growth opportunities are found in this particular case by introducing new products in already existing markets (Richardson, et al, 2007). I think that Cadbury PLC should be one step ahead and introduce similar products as well. However, introducing new products is very costly and it will relate i n lower growth prospects. There are two factors that the power of substitutes depends on: Relative Price/Performance; and The extent of switching costs (CIMA, 2007). By using Porters Five Force was found that the competition in the confectionery industry is fierce; in order for Cadbury to maintain their market share, or better to enlarge it, constant improvements of the products should be maintained. Black and Green line should be developed further, as the demand for dark chocolate is growing (Rehan, 2007). As Porter (1980) says the goal of a competitive strategy for a company is to find a position in its industry where these competitive forces, will do it the most good or the least harm The Cadburys brand is large and global. Kraft had done a lot of acquisitions in the past where the brand has been kept intact like Jacobs Coffee in Germany. The company should continue that with the Cadbury Brand, as that is key to success. In the long run that will result in improved sales revenues , and better profit margins. In the Balanced Score Card I have outlined that Cadbury should be environmentally friendly. Ogogdo, (2006) had pointed that there is a threat to the cocoa trees in the long run, by the global warming. Cadbury should do their part and be involved in projects helping the environment, like using fair trade, or following their competitors examples. Nestle USA is helping to safeguard the environment through pollution prevention and control, energy conservation and recycling/solid waste management practices (Nestle Global, 2010). Entering new markets is a way of driving the business forward. By acquiring Cadbury, Kraft had positioned themselves on the Indian market where Cadbury has a very strong position, on the other hand Kraft can help Cadbury to penetrate the Chinese market, where they have a solid position, and use their distribution channels (Riches, 2010). Being global as refered to in the PESTEL analysis comes with its negative sides. To overcome that Cadbury should work towards minimizing conflicts and have procedures in place to supplement the strategy. Even though the current liabilities had decreased from the year before, there are still high. Restructuring the debt to a lower interest loan, would result in substantial savings. The interest debt on the existing debt is 6.5% (Cadbury, 2009). As outlined from the financial analysis, the performance had been stronger year after year, where almost all of the ratios had improved. If all the recommendations outlined above are followed the financial performance can only get stronger. When all standards are met for quality and the product meet and exceed customer expectations, there are possibilities for higher margins and increase in profit. On the other hand when the profits increase after interest and tax, the shareholders return would increase as well, which makes the final goal achieved increase in shareholder value. Market Watch Drinks; Apr2008, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p14-14, 1p Porter, M. E., (1980), Industry Structure and Competitive Strategy: Keys to Profitability, Financial Analysis Journal, Vol. 36, Issue 4, p30-41, 12p Strategy in Action Applying Ansoffs Matrix.Full Text Available By: Richardson, Mark; Evans, Carl. Manager: British Journal of Administrative Management, Summer2007, Issue 59, pi-iii, 3p

Pythagorean Philosophy and its influence on Musical :: essays research papers

Fundamentals of Musical Acoustics. New York: Dover Publications Ferrara, Lawrence (1991). Philosophy and the Analysis of Music. New York: Greenwood Press. Johnston, Ian (1989). Measured Tones. New York: IOP Publishing. Rowell, Lewis (1983). Thinking About Music. Amhurst: The University of Massachusetts Press. "Music is the harmonization of opposites, the unification of disparate things, and the conciliation of warring elements...Music is the basis of agreement among things in nature and of the best government in the universe. As a rule it assumes the guise of harmony in the universe, of lawful government in a state, and of a sensible way of life in the home. It brings together and unites." - The Pythagoreans Every school student will recognize his name as the originator of that theorem which offers many cheerful facts about the square on the hypotenuse. Many European philosophers will call him the father of philosophy. Many scientists will call him the father of science. To musicians, nonetheless, Pythagoras is the father of music. According to Johnston, it was a much told story that one day the young Pythagoras was passing a blacksmith’s shop and his ear was caught by the regular intervals of sounds from the anvil. When he discovered that the hammers were of different weights, it occured to him that the intervals might be related to those weights. Pythagoras was correct. Pythagorean philosophy maintained that all things are numbers. Based on the belief that numbers were the building blocks of everything, Pythagoras began linking numbers and music. Revolutionizing music, Pythagoras’ findings generated theorems and standards for musical scales, relationships, instruments, and creative formation. Musical scales became defined, and taught. Instrument makers began a precision approach to device construction. Composers developed new attitudes of composition that encompassed a foundation of numeric value in addition to melody. All three approaches were based on Pythagorean philosophy. Thus, Pythagoras’ relationship between numbers and music had a profound influence on future musical education, instrumentation, and composition. The intrinsic discovery made by Pythagoras was the potential order to the chaos of music. Pythagoras began subdividing different intervals and pitches into distinct notes. Mathematically he divided intervals into wholes, thirds, and halves. "Four distinct musical ratios were discovered: the tone, its fourth, its fifth, and its octave." (Johnston, 1989). From these ratios the Pythagorean scale was introduced. This scale revolutionized music. Pythagorean relationships of ratios held true for any initial pitch. This discovery, in turn, reformed musical education. "With the standardization of music, musical creativity could be recorded, taught, and reproduced." (Rowell, 1983). Modern day finger exercises, such as the Hanons, are neither based on melody or creativity. They are simply based on the Pythagorean scale, and are executed from various initial pitches. Creating a foundation for musical representation, works

Semiotics of a Magazine

Studying semiotics: When we are looking at the study of semiotics it means we are to analyze the use of signs and symbols that the magazine cover uses. When studying a picture, advertisement or magazine cover you can take almost anything as a sign or symbol, anything can represent anything at the discretion of the writer or editor. It is for us to interpret what each sign or symbol is representing to the best of our knowledge. Semiotics are important in a work as they give us a better insight into the content, the ideology and what to expect within the magazine.After a close analysis of the semiotics of a magazine we can find out more about what it is about and can understand it more. By reading the signs and symbols it gives us a better sense of the type of magazine. â€Å"In Barthian visual semiotics, the key idea is the layering of meaning. The first layer is the layer of denotation, of what, or who, is being depicted here? The second layer is the layer of connotation, of what id eas and values are expressed through what is represented, and through the way in which it is represented? † (Van Leeuwen, 2001) The first step of the semiotic deconstruction of the cover is to â€Å"identify relevant signs and their dominant aspects† (Van Zoonen, 1994, p. 78) From a first glance at the magazine cover we can see that the masthead is in big and bold capitals as to stand out to the audience. People will look at the masthead and automatically recognize the magazine from the colours and font. The tone of orange and pink they use are colours that are represented as stereotypically girly colours. The sell lines on the left and right of the magazine are used to tell the audience what’s included in the magazine or who is in it.It will also give an insight to the genre of the magazine by showing what kind of articles are included and what kind of artists or people they interview or talk about. They include words such as â€Å"World exclusive† to mak e the audience believe they are getting something that nobody else has and that it is a must have. The header on this magazine reads â€Å"Britain’s No. 1 Women’s magazine†. This is to attract attention to the magazine on the shelf for other women to buy it other the understanding that if it is popular with everyone else then you should enjoy it too.The use of the white on the pink also stands out as the top is normally what you will see first on a magazine on the shelf in a shop. The main image used in this magazine is a picture of Angelina Jolie, who Is a popular actor and fashion icon. The image takes up nearly the whole background and is obviously being used as a big selling point of this magazine. She is not wearing any clothes from our view of the image and has her makeup done perfectly. This image is very sexualized by her facial expression and the amount of skin shown.The use of a pull quote with â€Å"I went from Nanny to Prostitute in 24 hours† , is used to draw the audience in to the magazine are want to read why this happened and gain their interest and attention . It shows that the magazine has these kind of gossip stories that some women have great interest in reading. Having isolated the major signs and aspects of the magazine we then must â€Å"continue to examine the paradigmusicatic of signs by asking what their absent opposites are and how they relate to each other syntagmatically†. This is to say that we need to find the assumptions made by a first look at the cover and to see if they have any opposites.The main image used in the cover is of a white western woman. This is the iconography of the western world as she is someone who would be famous throughout. If they had a darker woman of less significance on the page then you would feel that the magazine would not sell as many copies. Her hair is down and her facial expression and lack of clothing is very sexualized whereas if you were to have her uptight w ith hair tied up and in a formal outfit then you may think that people would not buy it as she doesn’t seem as open and laid back and less likely to be giving all her gossip in the interview.You feel that there is a kind of ethnocentrism related to magazines such as these as they often are associated with people associated with your own western culture and not from anywhere else. We can then being to denotate what is on the magazine cover. The colour scheme used is that of pink, orange and white. This is to associate the magazine directly to women as these are stereotypical female colours. The font used is a basic one and is often in bold; it is easy to read and stands out on the page.The cover lines feature â€Å"3 sex secrets that will change everything†, various lines about the celebrities included in the magazine and also â€Å"How to get rid of cellulite or at least hide it†, all the coverlines are related to either sex, image or celebrity lives. On a conno tation level we can see that the connotations gathered by analysis of this cover they are predominantly about femininity and sexuality. Even thought his is a magazine for women we see that the main image used is a picture of, what we are made to believe, Angelina Jolie naked. She has her makeup done up and has a sexualized look in her eyes staring at the camera.This is a confusing decision in these magazines as you would feel that if you are to judge by how male magazines are made, with semi naked pictures of women also, then you would think that they would have a semi naked man on the cover to their magazine. The 21st century has shown a change back to when women have been used as objects in magazines like this in western civilization but is just taken to be the normality in this part of the world. â€Å"The re-sexualisation of women’s bodies, often displayed in public space and in near-soft porn forms, goes comparatively unremarked – except by those from other, less ‘liberated’ cultures†. Branston, 2010) The media has a huge control on how we represent women and men in a western civilisation. From what is read and seen in magazine we get the perceptions of this is how normal people should be and act and that is completely controllable and interchangeable by what the media chooses to do. This is a high power that we should try and move away from as it will control the world and people will always be aiming to be like the celebrities and people shown in these magazines and in the media. Research on media representations of gender has focused on how women are objectified and exploited in a media context and on the gap between social reality and media constructions of femininity and masculinity†( Devereux, 2003) The idea that celebrities mean so much in our society influences on people to be like them. Celebrities are just normal people that have perhaps a talent or a different look, but once the media throws them into the spotlight then it is our turn to idolize them. Magazines such as this one are filled with advertising and fake stories and the cover shows this by showing hidden advertising for a â€Å"? 5 dress that flatters everyone†. This kind of advertising draws people in to read ‘stories’ that are actually just ads for different products. â€Å"The point of publicity and promotion is to turn advertising into news†(Turner, 2004) References: Branston, G. , & Stafford, R. (2010). The media student's book  (5th  ed. ). London: Routledge. Devereux, E. (2003). Understanding the Media. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Turner, G. (2004). Understanding Celebrity. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Van, L. T. , ; Jewitt, C. (2001). Handbook of visual analysis. London: SAGE. Zoonen, L. (1994). Feminist media studies. London: Sage.

Era of Good Feelings Dbq

During the Era of Good Feelings, Nationalism and Sectionalism were both evident. However, sectionalism was the most important cause of disagreement within the country with the controversy over Missouri’s admission as a slave state, and the different views toward states’ rights throughout various sections of the country. When Missouri applied to become part of the union, they insisted on being a slave state. This upset the north due to their interest in a balance of power.The Missouri Compromise was enacted with the help of Henry Clay in order to come to a conclusion to the political arguments between the North and South. It stated that in order for Missouri to be accepted as a slave state, Maine would come into the union as a free state. Also, slavery wasn’t to be permitted north of latitude 36? 30’. The long retired Thomas Jefferson expressed his alarm to the happenings in American government by comparing the sectional disunity to a â€Å"fire bell in th e night [that] awaked and filled me with terror. (Document G) John Quincy Adams also stated that â€Å"If the union must be dissolved, slavery is precisely the question upon which it ought to break. † (Document F) By simply drawing a line to determine boundaries of slavery, it was inevitable that neither side would be completely satisfied in the long run. Sectionalism was also evident through economical differences between the North and South. The South’s growing agricultural society relied heavily on slavery.Inventions such as Eli Whitney’s cotton gin increased production of cotton vastly, and in return brought more slaves. In the North however, industry was the main priority. Many goods were manufactured in the North and transferred to the South for use in fields. When the Tariff of 1816 which taxed goods manufactured in the North was passed, nearly all southerners voted against it (Document H}. As disagreements arose, the idea of sectionalism continued to exp and. The so called â€Å"Era of Good Feelings† faced problems of factional disagreements.Sectional divisions were merely covered up by the unity of political parties during Monroe’s presidency. Although the parties seemed united, Eastern Republicans disagreed with the idea of internal improvements, which was a big part of Henry Clay’s â€Å"American System. † On the other hand, John C. Calhoun supported the idea of internal improvements (Document D), but later became a leading advocate for state’s rights. Also, the Election of 1824 caused the Democratic Republican Party to splinter.John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson were both members f the same party, but ran against each other due to disagreements based on their different sectional interests such as their view on protective tariffs. This destroyed the sense of national unity amongst the government, thus further establishing sectionalism. In closing, although the Era of Good Feelings seemed to be as era of national unity, the opposite was proven true. Examples such as the Missouri disagreements and the separation of the Democratic Republican party prove that sectionalism was evident. The difference of economic beliefs of the North and South ensured further conflict in the future.

Bismarck - How much did Bismar essays

Bismarck - How much did Bismar essays Bismarck - How much did Bismarck's success from 1862-70 depend on the errors and misjudgements of others? According to the traditional German view, German unification was achieved in 1871 as a result of the actions of one great man, Otto von Bismarck, the Minister-President of Prussia, who planned the events leading to unification in detail. However, more recent historians have argued that Bismarck had no such ``master plan''. Instead, Bismarck's success was a result of his flexibility as a statesman, combined with the advantages Prussia enjoyed both in its resources and its diplomatic situation, the latter of which was improved by the mistakes and misjudgements of others. There were essentially two halves to Bismarck's supposed master plan: defeat Austria, keeping her as an ally by treating her leniently, and defeat France. Defeating Austria required the neutrality of France and Russia, and a way in which to trick Austria into declaring war with Prussia, so that Austria would appear to be to blame. According to the traditional view, Bismarck planned ways in which to carry this out. Originally it was said that Bismarck's handling of the rebellion in Russian Poland resulted in Russian neutrality: the rebellion was a potential threat to Russia, so Bismarck offered the Tsar military help, thereby gaining Russia's friendship. However, this was not entirely the case, and Bismarck almost ruined the good diplomatic position he had inherited: There was almost a French, British and Austrian alliance of liberal opposition against Prussia over the matter, and Russia resented Prussian interference. In the end, Russia's friendship with Prussia remained intact, and the Prussian benefit was that Austria's relations with Russia had worsened over Austrian opposition to Russia's Polish policy. Furthermore, this could not have been part of a master plan since Bismarck had no way of knowing about the rebellion in advance. It is more likely that...

Preparing Financial Forecasts Report Essay

Preparing Financial Forecasts Report Essay Preparing Financial Forecasts Report Essay [pic] [pic] HND program, Sichuan University 2006-12-21 Part A Introduction This report refers to show the variances between the Flexed Budget and Actual results. After cooperation, we will understand the overview of the organization’s current situation. In order to find the problems and solve them, I analyzed them below. Here are the detailed information about the materials variance, labour variance and overhead variance. In addition, I will give out the advice of my opinion at the end of this report. |Tricol plc Flexible budget | | |Original budget |Flexed budget |Actual results |Variance | | | | | |A/F | | |2000 units |1600 units |1600 units[1] | | |Direct material |ï ¿ ¡80000[2] |ï ¿ ¡64000[5] |ï ¿ ¡61600 |ï ¿ ¡2400 |F | |Direct labor |ï ¿ ¡36000[3] |ï ¿ ¡28800[6] |ï ¿ ¡35200 |ï ¿ ¡Ã¯ ¼Ë†6400ï ¼â€° |A | |Variable production overheads |ï ¿ ¡4000[4] |ï ¿ ¡3200[7] |ï ¿ ¡3200 |0 | | | |Depreciation |ï ¿ ¡1500 | |ï ¿ ¡1500 | | |Fixed overheads | | | | | | |Total cost of production | |ï ¿ ¡104200 |ï ¿ ¡108600 |ï ¿ ¡Ã¯ ¼Ë†4400ï ¼â€° |A | [1] Flexed budget amount is 80% of the target amount [2]ï ¿ ¡10Ãâ€"4 kgÃâ€"2,000ï ¼ 80,000 [3]ï ¿ ¡9Ãâ€"2Ãâ€"2,000ï ¼ 36,000 [4]ï ¿ ¡2Ãâ€"2,000ï ¼ 4,000 [5]ï ¿ ¡10Ãâ€"4 kgÃâ€"1,600ï ¼ 64,000 [6]ï ¿ ¡9Ãâ€"2Ãâ€"1,600ï ¼ 28,800 [7]ï ¿ ¡2Ãâ€"1,600ï ¼ 3,200 Material: Direct material total variance = (standard units of actual production*standard price)-(actual quantity*actual price) = (1600*4*10) - 61600 =ï ¿ ¡2400(F) Direct material usage variance =standard price*(standard unit of actual production - actual quality) =10*(1600*4-5600) =ï ¿ ¡8000(F) Direct material price variance =actual quantity*(standard price – actual price) =5600*(10-11) =ï ¿ ¡-5600(A) Material total Variance percentage = 2400/64000 *100% =3.75% Material usage variance percentage = 8000/64000*100% =12.5% Material price variance percentage =5600/64000*100% =8.75% Labour: Direct labour total variance = (standard hours of actual production*standard rate ph)-(actual hours*actual rate ph) = (1600*2*9)-35200 =ï ¿ ¡-6400(A) Direct labour efficiency variance =standard rate ph*(standard hours of actual production – actual hours) =9*(1600*2-3520) =ï ¿ ¡-2880(A) Direct labour rate variance =actual hours*(standard rate ph-actual rate ph) =3520*(9-10) =ï ¿ ¡-3520(A) Labour total variance percentage =6400/28800*100%=22.22% Labour efficiency variance percentage =2880/28800*100%=10% Labour rate variance percentage=3520/28800*100% =12.22% Overhead: Total overhead variance =total standard overhead for actual production-total actual overheads = (7.125*1600)-(3200+2200+1500+2400+2500) =11400-11800 =ï ¿ ¡-400(A) Overhead absorption rate =total budgeted overhead/total budgeted activity level = (1600*2+2000+2200+1500+2500)/1600 =ï ¿ ¡7.125 per unit

Fernandez Surname Meaning and Family History

Fernandez Surname Meaning and Family History Fernandez is a patronymic surname meaning son of Fernando, with Fernando being a given name meaning journey, or venture. Found throughout Spain and the Hispanic world. Fernandez is the 28th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings:  FERNANDES, FURNANDIZ Famous People with the Surname FERNANDEZ Vicente Fernndez: Mexican singer, producer, and actorLeonel Fernandez Reyna: President of the Dominican Republic from 1996–2000Antonio Guzmn Fernndez: President of the Dominican Republic from 1978–82 Where is the FERNANDEZ Surname Most Common? The Fernandez surname is the 159th most common last name in the world, according to information from  Forebears. It is especially prevalent in Spain, where it ranks as the 4th most common surname- a name borne by one in every 50 people in the country. It also ranks among the top 10 surnames in Argentina (4th), Uruguay (5th), Andorra (7th), Cuba (8th) and Bolivia (9th). WorldNames PublicProfiler  also indicates the Fernandez surname is most common in Spain, especially in the Asturias region of northern Spain. It is also prevalent in Argentina, southern France, and Switzerland. In the United States, where it ranks about 200th most common, Fernandez is found in largest numbers in New Mexico, Florida, California, New York and New Jersey. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Marbury v. Madison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marbury v. Madison - Essay Example The facts that surrounded Marbury’s case were very complex. To begin with, following the election of 1800; the emergent Democratic-Republican Party led by Thomas Jefferson won the election against the John Adam’s Federalist Party. This defeat by Thomas Jefferson created an atmosphere of partisan anxiety for the lame duck Federalists2. As Adams became close to completing his term in office, he appointed several justice of peace for the District of Columbia who were approved by the Senate and received the president’s approval. The President’s signature was affixed with the government’s official seal. The commissions were not delivered; nonetheless, upon President Jefferson’s assumption of office by March 5, 1801, he ordered his Secretary of State by the name of James Madison, not to deliver the commissions. One of the appointees called William Marbury, and then filed a petition to the Supreme Court for a legal order or a writ of mandamus that aimed at compelling Madison to show the reasons behind him not being eligible to receive his commission. Chief Justice Marshall was called upon to solve the case, and was to respond to three questions. One of the questions was to determine whether Marbury has a right to writ for which he petitioned. The second one was whether the U.S. laws permitted the court to grant Marbury such a legal order. The third question was, if they did, could such a writ be supplied by the Supreme Court3? Responding to the first question, Marshal made a ruling that stated that Marbury had been legitimately appointed in accordance to the law, and thus, had a right to the writ. He further stated that since Marbury had a legal right to his commission and the law was to award him a remedy. The Chief Justice went ahead and indicated that it was the particular obligation of the courts to protect

Applying Diversity Challenges to Your Chosen Field Research Paper

Applying Diversity Challenges to Your Chosen Field - Research Paper Example This affects the process of learning and even noted to be creating a blockage in easy development of approaches that I enjoyed during my secondary course (Grace & Wells, 2007). Specially mentioning, the different experiences of life either block or support the development of cognitive ability to meet the elated requirements of the society and likewise enhance learning ability. However, the accumulation of diverse group of people belonging to different sections and cultural backgrounds certainly enhanced my ability to maintain greater sustainable development within my field of learning i.e. ESL (Drago-Severson, 2004). Additionally, the racial as well as diversified ethnic identities even acted as majorly influencing the mode of learning. In my learning filed i.e. ESL, I came across huge level of gender biasness, representing the fact that ethnic communities are affecting the universal development of people. Sexual orientation of different societies is also noted to be affecting the needs of the people, resulting in affecting the learning processes. Based on my understanding, the only mode of learning for a group of people belonging to diverse culture could be developed by proper use of integrated learning approaches and development of teacher-student relationship (Caffarella & Daffron, 2013). Grace, A. P., & Wells, K. (2007). Using Freirean pedagogy of just IRE to inform critical social learning in arts-informed community education for sexual minorities. Adult Education Quarterly, 57(2),

Boston Beer Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Boston Beer Company - Case Study Example The management of at the company has market the innovations made by the company as the major drivers of success in the marketing of the beer. The ability of the company to produce different beers under the same brand has enabled the majority of the operations owned by the company to flourish. The company has been able to progress based on its ability to sell beers that are crafted for the individual market tastes. It is able to point out the unique market tastes by conducting extensive market research on the beers and the flavor preferences of the market. This way, the company is able to produce the beers that cover all the needs of the people leading to an inclusive variety. Therefore, the company is able to run on its innovative approaches when addressing the market needs. Creation of 18 varieties of the brands and the increasing growth in the crafts and imports beer markets is an indicator of the market success(Lane and Import 7). Lane, Samuel, and Lane Import. Jonathan Delgado, Marvins Air Conditioning Corp Janine De Veer, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceutical, Inc. Carol Gutierrez, The Boston Beer Company Gladys Giselle Rodriguez, Trans Americanc. HB Inc.. Academy of Health Care Management 6.2 (2009): 7.

Class Blog (reflection paper) Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Class Blog (reflection paper) - Article Example In many ways I did not believe that the conditions were harsh and imagined that perhaps the family enjoyed a comfortable stay at a Western hotel during the evenings while only sharing the food and accommodation of the local villagers during working hours. These suppositions quickly evaporated when my best friend invited me (and I accepted) to participate one year as an assistant for the trip. Armed with my pre-conceived notions about how it would be I was in for one of the most monumental shocks of my entire life. Additionally, the experience worked to impress upon me one of the most valuable ethical lessons I have yet learned. So powerful was this experience and the ethical ramifications thereof that it has partially reshaped the way I live my own life. Supposing that I would be surrounded by a team of part time â€Å"do gooders† that were more interested in the exotic local than the needs of the villagers, I soon found myself enveloped by a world I could never have imagined nor believed had it been explained to me. What was really going on was that each and every one of the volunteers were taking time from their own highly paid jobs in the United States to volunteer their time, energy, and money (medical supplies were covered by those that were volunteering) to alleviate the suffering of those that did not have access to a hospital or medical clinic within 85 miles. It was during this time that my view of the world and how ethical behavior should look like began to form. I cannot say that I have seen the light and now the needs of fellow humans has turned me into the perfect example of a humanitarian; however, what it did do was shatter my expectations regarding what life was really like and why people performed such selfless and costly acts of service. From a spiritual perspective, I was able to relate to what the volunteers were doing. In fact, from a spiritual perspective, nearly all persons of faith can relate to

Research Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Assignment - Research Paper Example A concluding portion would summarize points that were discussed and future thrusts for research on the subject. One of the most frequently researched topic focuses on leadership. The evolution of theories and concepts proposed and promulgated by various scholars and practitioners have undergone constant and continuous development until contemporary times. Aside from the traditional thrusts delving into leadership styles, characteristics or best practices in famous organizations, one of the controversial issues confounding leadership is the effect or influence of gender, among other demographic factors. Leadership concepts and contemporary theories evaluate the effect of gender in leadership in terms of according the benefits, prerogatives, and even challenges on equal terms. In this regard, the essay aims to proffer a review of related literature on the topic of gender in leadership. Relevant research studies on the subject would be analyzed where significant points would hereby be cited and highlighted to reveal diverse viewpoints on gender in leadership. According to the research study conducted by Gedney which is aimed to determine a relationship or link between gender and leadership effectiveness from her personal experience in the military, she initially provided crucial qualities identified from effective leaders. Her findings divulged that â€Å"leadership effectiveness is not gender-specific, but there seem to be many attributes that are found in both males and females that lend themselves to becoming an effective leader† (Gedney, 1999, p. 2). This fact was validated by Kelly, a Lieutenant Colonel of the U.S. Air Force, who averred that â€Å"men and women operate in the work environment in somewhat different ways based upon genetic/biological differences, cultivation, communication styles and to some extent, the characteristics of the particular career field chosen† (Kelly, 1997, p. 26). Since the

Management of Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management of Processes - Essay Example However, the pressure of globalization and foreign competition had a big impact on the revenues of these companies (Emmons, Garry 2006). Lack of vision, corporate bureaucracy, bloated product lines or overcapacity, and lack of proper business management process started pulling down the sales of the American auto majors. Where the American auto companies lost, The Japanese auto major - Toyota - gained. Toyota acquired a significant market share by exporting attractive, low-cost, fuel-efficient vehicles to America. The Japanese auto giant achieved this by focusing on refreshing their products and having the flexibility in their factories. It stressed on the importance of lean manufacturing process and evolved the Toyota Production System (TPS). The company prefers to customize existing systems and equipment rather than installing the latest fancy technology. Their plants are in a state of continual improvement and repurposing, with input from everybody. Toyota uses technology not only in the manufacturing process, but also in engineering and designing. The objective of the 14 Principles of the Toyota Way is to base management decisions on a philosophical sense of purpose and think long term, to have a process for solving problems, to add value to the organization by developing its people, and to recognize that continuously solving root problems drives organizational learning (Liker, J. 2004). Behind Toyota's assembly line are sophisticated information systems supporting and enabling the business processes that help the automaker eliminate waste, limit inventory buildup and continually improve production. The main idea behind this business process management [BPM] is to blend machine-to-machine and human-to-machine connections to improve efficiency. What drives Toyota is its presumption of imperfection. The management encourages its work force to design and implement processes that help in getting it right the first time by reducing errors. It stress on continuous improvement and a pervasive lack of complacency with whatever was accomplished yesterday. B200 - Understanding Business: Processes Business organizations are considered as complex assemblies of interrelated sets of activities in which inputs are converted into outputs. This section helps us understand how business organizations apply the systems theory to perform their activities. It focuses on the importance of processes, and the resources that are needed for organizational success. Business management is now a systematic, methodical process that guarantees efficiency and effectiveness. Dr. Fahad Al Mekrad has discussed this topic at length in one of his works (B200 - Understanding Business: Processes). Transformation Process Model Organizations perform as systems and all parts the organization are operations. Organizations can either be 'closed or 'open' systems. Closed systems are completely self-supporting, while open systems interact with their environment. Open systems receive inputs from their environment, convert these inputs into outputs, and discharge their outputs into their environment. All operations are based on this input-transformation-output model. Competing on Capabilities The building blocks of corporate strategy are not products and markets, but

Research Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Assignment - Research Paper Example A concluding portion would summarize points that were discussed and future thrusts for research on the subject. One of the most frequently researched topic focuses on leadership. The evolution of theories and concepts proposed and promulgated by various scholars and practitioners have undergone constant and continuous development until contemporary times. Aside from the traditional thrusts delving into leadership styles, characteristics or best practices in famous organizations, one of the controversial issues confounding leadership is the effect or influence of gender, among other demographic factors. Leadership concepts and contemporary theories evaluate the effect of gender in leadership in terms of according the benefits, prerogatives, and even challenges on equal terms. In this regard, the essay aims to proffer a review of related literature on the topic of gender in leadership. Relevant research studies on the subject would be analyzed where significant points would hereby be cited and highlighted to reveal diverse viewpoints on gender in leadership. According to the research study conducted by Gedney which is aimed to determine a relationship or link between gender and leadership effectiveness from her personal experience in the military, she initially provided crucial qualities identified from effective leaders. Her findings divulged that â€Å"leadership effectiveness is not gender-specific, but there seem to be many attributes that are found in both males and females that lend themselves to becoming an effective leader† (Gedney, 1999, p. 2). This fact was validated by Kelly, a Lieutenant Colonel of the U.S. Air Force, who averred that â€Å"men and women operate in the work environment in somewhat different ways based upon genetic/biological differences, cultivation, communication styles and to some extent, the characteristics of the particular career field chosen† (Kelly, 1997, p. 26). Since the

The Movie Waiting for the End of the World by Lee Deaville Essay

The Movie Waiting for the End of the World by Lee Deaville - Essay Example This is possible through the unlinking of the audio and video tracks and ensuring that transitions are spiced up while keeping the engagement of the audience to the movie (Deaville, 2009). For instance, we first hear the alarm and then realize that there was someone sleeping has to wake up to report to work.The result is that the sound cuts into a scene prior to the picture or cuts immediately after the picture to form audio-lead-video split and video-lead-audio split respectively (Louise, 2011). The second is the match cut. The form of editing involved here is that of combining two shots of varying angle and configuration. In this regard, the action continues from one to shot to the other within the same place and time (Deaville, 2009). At times during work in the supermarket, there are many instances of the sound of a trolley on the move without first seeing who is pushing it and to what direction.The intention is to make sure that all action is shown in seamless progression while focussing on action’s detail, offering a varying perspective to augment three-dimensionality, and the addition of vigor and upsurge pacing(Louise, 2011). The third editing technique in the movie is the motivated cut. This cut is deliberately put especially on the point where their viewer is glued to a scene and then immediately the wants to see what is not observable at that time. The action in this editing is the determinant of the editing and camera work, especially in the shot/reverse shot technique. When the actor imagines that at times he feels he is not alone in the supermarket, the camera remains glued to him but the background noise justifies that the actor is really not alone and wants to learn the next clue (Deaville, 2009). Hitchcock's North by Northwest makes use of numerous editing techniques that clearly display numerous scenes clearly and smoothly. Through Hitchcock’s editing, the audience manages to see various scenes  through his eyes just the way they happen and in the way he sees them.  

A Hostile Work Environment Commerce Essay

A Hostile Work Environment Commerce Essay This compensation can come in the form of salary increase or bonus. If someone feels they are not being rewarded or even considered for an increase they very often look to move somewhere else that they can receive a higher salary. A hostile work environment is also a major reason that employees felt demotivated. When an employee feels that their work environment is not safe or that they are treated unfairly they may often look to leave. Many times they do not try to confront the situation, but instead would prefer to just avoid it which greatly dissatisfies them and which would in turn prevent the organization from retaining its employees. Problem Statement In this research study, the motivating factors which are not being implemented due to which Ufone is facing trouble to retain its employees Research Question What are the motivating factors that will lead to employee retention at Ufone? Rationale of the study The basic premise for studying the Human Resource Management Practices (HR) and Employee Retention in relation to level of motivation of employees at Ufone is to assess the importance being attached to these vital aspects by the organizations concerned and to develop an understanding of the relationship between the overall manner in which motivation has subsequent impact on the willingness of the employees to stay with the organization. Its the need of today for us to analyze the important role played by the ability of the organizations to retain competent employees for developing distinctive competencies for an organization. This report can be useful for different people for organization and employers who are planning to retain talented employees and are faced by lack of employee turnover. In todays emergent world, the Telecom industry is expanding immensely and the 2nd largest sector in Pakistan. It is essential to conduct research on telecom related topics in order to create a better understanding of the sector and help to increase the revenue generated from this sector for the government and for itself, having a positive effect on the economy too. Institutions are being reshaped to adjust to a postindustrial society. Naisbitt suggested that motivational implications are very important; most of our economy continues to shift from manufacturing to service and information jobs. In an ever raging battle of surpassing each other, organizations with distinctive competencies out perform their competitors. To gain and maintain competitive advantage an organization uses every possible mean available to it in its battery of resources. Marketers and multinationals would want their competent employees to stay within the organization, thus they would want to find out the motivating factors that lead to employee retention. The present research focuses on exploratory goals such as analyzing the motivating factors that lead to employee retention, which in turn effects the over all performance of the company. Research Objective To explore factors that lead to employee retention. To analyze if working environment plays an important role in the motivation process To access the recognition of work and its impact To analyze the amount of influence training has   when it comes to motivating employees To find out what are the challenges and bottle necks preventing Ufone from enhancing the employee productivity and in retaining talent. To find out the importance that motivation holds for employees in order to stay with-in the organization. To asses whether empowerment and delegation of authority gives an employee a sense of responsibility To explore if internal and external factor would help increase the motivation process To analyze the amount of influence that motivation at Ufone has on its employees. Scope of the study This study is restricted to the motivating factors that would lead to employee retention at Ufone. In this research secondary data is obtained from sources such as published articles and reports while primary data is gathered through interviews and questionnaires survey from the employees of Ufone. This report can be useful for Ufone, its head of departments and the institutions which would bring into light the problems and how to prevent those factors that lead to employees being demotivated and how a company can retain its employees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW In the business world, motivation is the word used to describe the drive that impels an individual to work. A truly motivated employee is one who wants to work, if employees know what strengthens and weakens their motivation, they can often perform more effectively and help themselves find more satisfaction in their jobs. Employers also want to know what motivates their employees so that they can encourage continued peak performance (Halloran, 1986).   A lot of research has been done on the study of motivation and it can be traced back to the writing of the ancient Greek philosophers. Hedonism has given a basic assumption in the prevailing economic and social philosophies of Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, and John Stuart Mill who explained motivation in terms of people trying to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.   Motivation is a personal drive to act in order to satisfy ones needs. It comes from within the individual. It creates a drive to act, which may be influenced by some external stimulus. Employee retention is an important factor in an organizations ability to achieve sustained competitive advantage over a longer period of time. Besides this aspect a failure to retain competent employees leads to a numerous other problems. Retaining good employees is critical to a firms long term success. In the engineering and business markets, employee retention is extremely serious since the job market is tight and competition is very intense for candidates. The main factors in retaining employees include, corporate brand identity, employee intention to remain, organizational culture, self-esteem, need for achievement. The cost of employee turnover adds hundreds of thousands of money to a companys expenses. While it is difficult to fully calculate the cost of turnover (including hiring costs, training costs and productivity loss) industry experts often quote 25% of the average employee salary as a conservative estimate. When an employee leaves, he takes with him valuable knowledge about the company, customers, current projects and past history (sometimes to the competitors).   Often much time and money has been spent on the employee in expectation of a future return. When the employee leaves, the investment is not realized. Customers and clients do business with a company in part because of the people. Relationships are developed that encourage continued sponsor ship of the business. When and employee leaves the relationships that employee built for the company are severed which could lead to potential customer loss. If an employee resigns then good amount of time is lost in hiring a new employee and then training him/her and this goes to the loss of the company directly which many a times goes unnoticed. And even after this a company cannot assure the same efficiency from the new employee.

Essay on Differences in Men and Women in Story of an Hour

The Story of an Hour - Differences in Men and Women Kate Chopin's "The Story of an Hour" appears merely to explore a woman's unpredictable reaction to her husband's assumed death and reappearance, but actually Chopin offers Mrs. Mallard's bizarre story to reveal problems that are inherent in the institution of marriage. By offering this depiction of a marriage that stifles the woman to the point that she celebrates the death of her kind and loving husband. Chopin challenges her readers to examine their own views of marriage and relationships between men and women. Each reader's judgment of Mrs. Mallard and her behavior inevitably stems from his or her own personal feelings about marriage and the influences of societal expectations. Readers of differing genders, ages, and marital experiences are, therefore, likely to react differently to Chopin's startling portrayal of the Mallards' marriage, and that certainly is true of my response to the story compared to my father's and grandmother's responses. Marriage often establishes boundaries between people that make them unable to communicate with each other. The Mallards' marriage was evidently crippled by both their inability to talk to one another and Mrs. Mallard's conviction that her marriage was defined by a "powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature." Yet she does not recognize that it is not just men who impose their will upon women and that the problems inherent in marriage affect men and women equally. To me, Mrs. Mallard is a somewhat sympathetic character, and I appreciate her longing to live ou... ...o relate more easily to her predicament and are quicker to exonerate her any of responsibility for her unhappy situation. Conversely, male readers are more likely to feel compassion for Mr. Mallard, who loses his wife for reasons that will always remain entirely unknown to him. Older readers probably understand more readily the strength of social forces and the difficulty of trying to deny societal expectations concerning gender roles in general and marriage in particular. Younger readers seem to feel that Mrs. Mallard is too passive and that she could have improved her domestic life immeasurably if she had taken the initiative to either improve or end her relationship with her husband. Ultimately, how each individual reader responds to Mrs. Mallard's story reveals his or her own ideas about marriage, society, and how men and women communicate with each other

Death Be Not Proud Essay -- essays research papers

	How would you cope if you were going to die? In the memoir Death Be Not Proud by John Gunther, his son Named Johnny is faced with this situation. At an early age, Johnny was found with a brain tumor, and struggles to survive. Johnny later died from the brain tumor. Johnny was loved by many people; much of whom tried his/her best to help Johnny through this ordeal. Although Johnny was faced with death, Johnny faced death with courage throughout the book. Even though Johnny was faced with death, he faced death with courage. Johnny showed that, by keeping a positive attitude through this whole ordeal. Johnny’s hope, positive attitude, and courage kept his death at bay, even in the face of terrible pain and incurable illness. " But later that day he developed an excruciating headache, the only fierce and intense pain he suffered during the whole course of his illness-a small mercy, perhaps, but one to be devoutly grateful for"(p24) Johnny was faced with unimaginable pain throughout his illness; yet he maintained a level of hope and determination to live. At the young age that Johnny was at, and to face death, it must have took a lot of courage to stay positive. Johnny kept fighting, determined to recuperate, even if he had to do things himself. "I watched him give himself a hypodermic injection of liver extract on the side above the hip, an awkward place to reach. I could not possibly have done on anybody, let alon e myself." (p77) Johnny, had to ta...

Millenium Development Goals Essay

The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) emerged from the United Nations (UN) Millennium Declaration in 2000, and are arguably the most politically important pact ever made for international development. They identify speciï ¬ c development priorities across a very broad range, including poverty, education, gender, health, environment, and international partnerships. These goals have substantially shaped development dialogue and investment; some development agencies judge all their activities on the contribution to achievement of the MDGs. Overall, progress towards the MDGs has been described as â€Å"patchy† and â€Å"uneven†. The broad conclusion is that few goals are entirely on track globally, and those that are show substantial variation, with least progress in Africa and often south Asia. The MDGs comprise a set of eight goals and associated targets and indicators. They represent the latest eï ¬â‚¬ort in a long process of development goal setting which had antecedents in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Development Decade of the 1960s, and the many UN summits of the second half of the 20th century that set speciï ¬ c goals to reduce hunger, improve health, eradicate diseases, and school children. The Millennium Declaration presented six values that were considered to be fundamental to international relations in the 21st century: freedom, equality, solidarity, tolerance, respect for nature, and shared responsibility. Seven key objectives were identiï ¬ ed to translate these shared values into actions: peace, security, and disarmament; development and poverty eradication; protection of our common environment; human rights, democracy, and good governance; protection of vulnerable people; meeting of the special needs of Africa; and strengthening of the UN. The performance of individual MDGs so far suggests that they have made four important positive contributions: encouraging global political consensus, providing a focus for advocacy, improving the targeting and ï ¬â€š ow of aid, and improving the monitoring of development projects. The MDGs are claimed to be â€Å"the ï ¬ rst global development vision that combines a global political endorsement with a clear focus on, and means to engage directly with, the world’s poor people†. There are many challenges posed by the Millenium Development Goals. Set against these positive contributions are several shortcomings that emerge consistently across the analysis of individual MDGs. Characteristically, most of these weaknesses present themselves as the ï ¬â€šip side of the MDGs’ more positive elements. Thus, the Millenium Development Goals, which has probably facilitated their acceptance and use, makes them at the same time limited in scope, whereas their quantitative targets and precise indicators often fail to capture some crucial elements of goal achievement. We have to accept that all goal setting involves such trade-offs. However, the value of focusing on shortcomings of the MDGs lies in our potential to improve them, or replace them with something better. Ineï ¬â‚¬ective MDGs pose two risks: they might not achieve their intended eï ¬â‚¬ect, and they could lead to negative eï ¬â‚¬ects by ignoring or impeding more eï ¬â‚¬ective development and poverty reduction. There are many problems with the goals set by UN. The MDGs represent a subset of a broader development vision expressed in the Millennium Declaration. Goals were never developed for several key objectives of the Declaration, including peace, security and disarmament, and human rights. The elements taken into the MDGs were in fact the speciï ¬ c targets associated with only one objective of the Declaration, that of development and poverty eradication. Some of these goals, being themselves derived from speciï ¬ c targets, were very narrow in conception: education goals focused mainly on primary education, whereas health goals focused only on three aspects of health associated with maternal mortality, child mortality, and speciï ¬ c diseases.

Contrasting Treadwell and McCandless

Compare and Contrast of Treadwell and McCandless When reading Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer as it documents the Journey Chris McCandless took and watching the movie The Grizzly Man as it documents Timothy Treadwell's journey to document bears I was struck by how similar the two men, McCandless and Treadwell, really were. Yes, there were a great many differences between the two but also by how similar they were. While both men showed how they hated modern society and felt a strong desire to live outside of our society, they both also had very different takes on Alaskan wilderness and how to survive in their Journeys.Just as both loved the outdoors, however, the two had very different practices concerning it. Treadwell would return to society every summer to work and prepare for his next outing and Treadwell refused to take a gun with him. In contrast, McCandless spent all of his time outdoors and away from human society unless he absolutely needed to and carried a gun with him into th e wilderness. Treadwell and McCandless both felt very constrained by human society and preffered to live out in the wilderness if possible.While Treadwell would return to human society for work and to raise money or his next outing or teach others about what he learned of the bears, McCandless tried to spend as much time as he possibly could away from other humans. In Chapter five of Into the Wild it was documented that McCandless had spent at least thirty-six days without seeing another human at one point and throughout the first six chapters it is documented that the most time he ever spent in one place was two months in order to raise money to go to Alaska. Furthermore, McCandless did his best to keep people distant from him by changing his name and giving false nformation.McCandless did his best to not tell anyone where he was going, cut off all ties with his parents, and took no one with him when he went to Alaska. Comparing this to Treadwell, who told people where he was going , how long he was staying, and at a certain point started to take his girlfriend and it shows a great difference between the two men. Treadwell was a peaceful man, if unhinged due to mental disorders he refused to treat. He loved the animals he documented in his time in the wilderness, expecially the bears, and swore to never hurt them.Due to his, Treadwell never took a gun, pepper spray, or even bear repellent with him during his ten years of going to the Maze. Though essentric, Treadwell was actually rather smart in keeping the animals calm as he interacted with them. McCandless, though he displayed no real inclinations towards violence, was aware of the dangers in the wilderness. He knew the dangers of bears and wild animals and had taken a gun with him, a . 22, in order to hunt and possibly for protection even if he knew it would not actually be effective against large animals such as moose, caribou, or bears.The two men had very different views of the animals in the wilderness as is shown by this. Treadwell loved them to the point he would rather risk death then harm them while McCandless saw the dangers and prepared for them. The two men also greatly differed in how they prepared for their trips. Treadwell was well prepared with pleanty of provisions and the nessisary gear. This became more prevalent during his final years due to him having his girlfriend with him as he Alaskan wilds brought on by Jack London's books, among others, resulted in him being woefully unprepared. When entering the Alaskan wiled the first day,McCandless only had some spare clothes, some books, a few pounds of rice, and his gun. The two men died in the Alaskan wilds due, mostly in part, to their recklessness and over-estimation on how much they could handle. Treadwell stayed longer than he should have and this resulted in both he and his girlfriend tragically dying at the jaws of a starving grizzly. Had they left as planned instead of returning to the wilds due a mishap the two would have survived. McCandless went into the wilds and did surprisingly well for himself due to sheer dumb luck that eventually ran out.His choice to go unprepared and believing he could live off the land proved fatal when he was unable to get enough food and he slowly starved to death Just days before hunters arrived at the shelter that became his temporary grave. The two men showed a remarkable love for the wilderness and strove to change their lives for the better and live amongst the romanticized versions of what is actually a harsh reality. Despite both men dying in the wilderness, personal opinion leads me to believe that McCandless was more successful in his ultimate goal to change his life.Treadwell ad wanted to raise awareness of the bear's plight and protect them but had more than likely severely damaged the bears by habituating them to humans that could lead to more fatalities. McCandless had wanted to change his life, find a purpose. He wanted to leave society behind an d see if he could truly live away from it. While he ultimately died in Alaska his entire trip before the event, traveling cross country, and even to Mexico, had changed his life and views. Prior to his final days in Alaska it was shown that McCandless had achieved what he had set out to get, his own happiness.

The rain came

Reflection paper of Desiree's baby Madame Valmond and Monsiure found Desiree as a baby and thought that she was a gift from God. When Desiree turned 18, she fell in love with Armand Aubigny. Finally, they got married. When they got their first baby, Armand was not happy with the baby because it was not white. He treated the baby and Desiree like slaves. Then, Desiree decided to go to deserted bayou instead of Valmond ©. Armand, on the other hand, burnt all Desiree's and the babys belongings including the letters. One of the etters was sent from his mother to his father, which he reads.In the letter, his mother thanks to the God that her son will never know that she has mixed blood. Among all characters portrayed in this story, I dislike in Armand Aubigny the most for these reasons. First, he is thoughtless. He tends to be like quick to Judge that the baby was not his. He did not even notice that he was the one who has mixed blood. Second, he is not loyal to his wife. He cheated on her in front of her face by bringing the mistress to his house Just to hurt his wife's feeling. Third, he is racist.According to the story, all of his slaves are all black people, and when his wife got the baby who is not white, he asked her to leave the house with the baby. Fourth, he is aggressive. For example, he burnt all of his wife's and his babys belongings when they left. Last, this character has given me a picture that being racist is basically hurts people's feeling because they are actually innocent about their appearance. What I have importantly learnt from the story is that back in the past of the American society for the people who thought that they were white and found out that hey are partly black, would sometimes commit suicide.I can see that when Desiree thought that she was partly black through her babys look and her mysterious background, she went and disappeared herself in the bayou since she could not get loved from her cruel-racist husband anymore. Therefore, people should not be racist because color does not matter. It is the person inside. We should know that all people are different no matter what they look like. In addition, not one race is better than the other. There are good and bad people in every race. The rain came Reflection paper of Desiree's baby Madame Valmond and Monsiure found Desiree as a baby and thought that she was a gift from God. When Desiree turned 18, she fell in love with Armand Aubigny. Finally, they got married. When they got their first baby, Armand was not happy with the baby because it was not white. He treated the baby and Desiree like slaves. Then, Desiree decided to go to deserted bayou instead of Valmond ©. Armand, on the other hand, burnt all Desiree's and the babys belongings including the letters. One of the etters was sent from his mother to his father, which he reads.In the letter, his mother thanks to the God that her son will never know that she has mixed blood. Among all characters portrayed in this story, I dislike in Armand Aubigny the most for these reasons. First, he is thoughtless. He tends to be like quick to Judge that the baby was not his. He did not even notice that he was the one who has mixed blood. Second, he is not loyal to his wife. He cheated on her in front of her face by bringing the mistress to his house Just to hurt his wife's feeling. Third, he is racist.According to the story, all of his slaves are all black people, and when his wife got the baby who is not white, he asked her to leave the house with the baby. Fourth, he is aggressive. For example, he burnt all of his wife's and his babys belongings when they left. Last, this character has given me a picture that being racist is basically hurts people's feeling because they are actually innocent about their appearance. What I have importantly learnt from the story is that back in the past of the American society for the people who thought that they were white and found out that hey are partly black, would sometimes commit suicide.I can see that when Desiree thought that she was partly black through her babys look and her mysterious background, she went and disappeared herself in the bayou since she could not get loved from her cruel-racist husband anymore. Therefore, people should not be racist because color does not matter. It is the person inside. We should know that all people are different no matter what they look like. In addition, not one race is better than the other. There are good and bad people in every race.

Antigone, by Sophocles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Antigone, by Sophocles - Essay Example Being relatives they hate each other so much that it makes them kill each other. So, the tragedy starts with the fact of having two dead bodies and the law to bury one of the brothers with honors and the second one to be left in the field to be torn to pieces by wild animals. This is the outset of the tragedy. Antigone is the blood sister of the killed brothers and she faces the moral dilemma. Weather to break the law or to stay a law-abiding citizen and leave her brother to have eternal sufferings. There are three main problems raised in the tragedy of Antigone: 1. whether a person in Ancient Greece could be left without burial; 2. whether the written laws are higher than the laws of nature and Gods; 3. whether Creon is a good ruler for the country. At the very beginning of the tragedy Antigone buries her brother, though in a very symbolic way. Being a subtle and weak woman she cannot provide the proper burial ritual that is why she just strews him with soil. It has the meaning of t he dead being in soil. The thing is that Ancient Greek deeply believed in life after death and it can be said for sure they set their hopes to it even more that to the terrain life. The way a person is buried was of great importance and determined the way a soul would exists in afterlife. The soul of a person that is not buried under the proper ritual is doomed to unbearable sufferings and eternal embarrassment. Knowing it Creon gives his decision to leave the dead body of Polyneices in the field to be torn by wild animals. According to Greek believes it was the most disgraceful and horrible thing for the soul. A soul is sure to be taken to the most awful place of the underground Kingdom. By doing this Creon wants to show that he really cares about his nation because he punishes the enemy in the toughest way. After knowing who broke the law Creon sets the death penalty to Antigone. Creon is so conceited and egoistical that he does not even listen to Antigone’s pleads. He does not take into account the devotion of Antigone or her sister’s love; he can see only an offender of the country laws. The power muffles all his human features and the ability to understand people. His first priority is the nation’s honor and prosperity. Sophocles pays attention to the ethical problem of the priority of the written lows over the unwritten ones. The unwritten law claims that any worrier who is brave enough to fight is to be buried in a proper way. Creon in his strive for power, accepts only the laws of the state he rules. He has the option whether to punish Antigone for her breaking the law or to understand her desire to help her brother in afterlife. Sophocles in his tragedy shows that people of Theban are for their princess, they consider Creon to be a monster who chooses the cruelest punishment for a young girl – to be buried alive in a chamber. â€Å"The German poet Friedrich Holderlin, whose translation of the play had strong impact on Heid egger's reading, brings out a more subtle reading of the play: he focusses on Antigone's legal and political status within the palace, her privilege to be the hearth (according to the legal instrument of the epiklerate) and thus protected by Zeus† (Judith 2000). In other words he focuses on the problem of the priority option: who a person is, first of all, a citizen or an individual with his love, hatred etc. Many scientists still dispute on the problem of

Organizational Cultural Audit and Gap Analysis Essay - 2

Organizational Cultural Audit and Gap Analysis - Essay Example McDonald is among those giant companies which claim to be responsible for high ethical values but yet certain gaps may be identified. However, they believe in bilateral communications with stakeholders and remain pretty successful to cover these gaps. Nevertheless, certain gaps are frequently observed related to workplace conditions and animal wild welfare indeed. They, time to time, put enormous endeavors to create an environmentally friendly image in front of the entire stakeholders. The target approach reveals that they have to follow system growth avenues but it seems to be failed by the poor annual performance. One of the most important priorities of the company is to disguise the underlying gaps. McDonald’s is world’s most popular fast food retail chain. Its first outlet was inaugurated in 1955 in the United States. When it was started for the very first time, nobody could even imagine that this business would grow so fast that the number of chains will cross the figure of 30,000 within 50 years. The basic strategy of outlets is franchising but it is a little bit different in the UK. Around 30% of the outlets in the UK are company-owned while remaining is franchised traditionally. The new franchises being opened in the UK are franchised rather than being in company ownership. McDonald's is growing geographically by leaps and bounds. The food courts concepts have remained enough abundant for the company by opening the new sites in smaller towns, roadsides, amusement parks, river banks and sea side’s (Annual Report).  The vision of the company is related to providing the most efficient services amongst all of the fast food retailers in the world. The QSC&V approach can be observed in the organizational culture. This stands for Quality, Services, Cleanliness, and Value. All these are expected to deliver in an exceptional way. They relate this to customer happiness by making them smile through unmatched services and value addition.

Asssignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Asssignment - Essay Example While the archaeologist focuses on the study of material objects to learn about human behavior, the ethnologist concentrates on the study of human behavior as it can be see, experienced and discussed with those whose culture is to be understood. Fundamental to Cintron’s approach is descriptive ethnography. Ethnography is the systematic description of culture based on firsthand observation. Whenever possible, the ethnologist becomes ethnographer by going to live among the people under study. He started the book by sharing a story regarding the collection baskets inside the church. (Page 1). A drunken man entered the house of God and made his way towards halfway to the altar while kneeling and uttering his prayers due to his remorseful state. The churchgoers were surprised with the scenario including the author himself. The commotion and somewhat disturbance of the ongoing religious gathering, the men who wielded the baskets picked up the drunken man and led him outside the church away from the churchgoers who politely and dutifully give donations thru the collection baskets. Aware of his experiences and knowledge, Cintron considers his book as the emptying of the basket (page 3). He stated that he had done his part of wielding the collection basket to people for him to gain insights and thoughts regarding their lives as well as the culture that they dwell in. This collection of reality was organized and documented by Cintron to be able to come up with a well-thought of book that will share the experiences of the people that he interacted with during the wielding of the basket. Cintron wanted to emphasize how ethos is bound up with logos. In other words, the rational argument does not necessarily persuade when reason is made pure. The pure kind of rationality does not exist outside the soup of human affairs. The author stated his Puerto Rican heritage. He was raised in Texas and his parents are both Puerto Ricans. His father was a

Common law Degree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Common law Degree - Essay Example About the mother who suffered distress, anxiety and nervous shock resultant of the straying of the children onto an unfinished landscaping project, the direct link or chain of causation element is likewise in attendance. However, the emotional impact may not be fully appreciated by the court as it could possibly be an unusual and unnatural over-reaction. Again, this can be a mitigating circumstance. d-2. Remoteness of damage. It is an element where the damage or loss must be determined as the proximate result of the negligence or quasi-delict. In the elderly/disabled customer, this cannot be made a consideration as the slippage was in truth and in fact the direct result of the unsafe pathway or of the lack of personnel in the center to have provided assistance along the passage. However, for the mother who was shocked, this may be a consideration, but one of mitigation. Why Because if her having been annoyed or distressed or disturbed is in such a level as will render a judgment from an unbiased mind that it is too much more than an ordinary or usual reaction from a human emotion. It is like saying that it is a remote possibility that the shock which the mother experienced would be in that proportion as to become one of a nervous wreckage. d-3. Foreseeability. ... The centre is liable for the elderly/disabled guest who slipped while passing the unsafe pathway. Although Rareplants exercised the diligence required of a good father of a family, it could have done better like providing escort or ushering assistance to the special customers who are handicapped. In sum, the centre was in a position to foresee that the slipping off track could happen to a visitor who has disabilities or limitations. In the incident of the children having gone astray, Rareplants has to be adjudged answerable because it was in the position to foresee that some classes of visitors like adventurous children would explore the supposedly prohibited area and could have designated guards or watchmen for the purpose of avoiding any unfortunate happening. ABC Accountants Ltd c. Yes. There is a special relationship between you and Lucy. Any advice from a professional, even if not express or formal or written, is binding even if there is a proviso of non-accountability. The characteristic of that relationship which is not express or formal or written may be denominated as special in that it is not in the regular or standard form. As a matter of course, one that is not ordinary is special. In professional ethics, it does not matter whether the relationship is either. In the instant case and according to its underlying circumstances, however, you are not liable. Why Because your advice did not guarantee success in any given situation which was, as a matter of fact, subject to unpredictable variances and that if the client took it as a wagering decision, she did so at her own risk. In contrast, an engineer who advises this and

Aquafiers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aquafiers - Essay Example A lot of our water supply comes from water wells that are drilled deep down into the aquifers. We need these aquifers to stay unpolluted in order to continue to enjoy them. Sadly a number of new techniques threaten the safety of aquifers. In The whole Fracking Enchilada by Sandra Steingraber, the author discusses how natural gas is extracted from shale. The process can be very destructive to the environment. We have to be mindful of this in the future as we continue to try to meet our energy needs while preserving the quality of our environment and drinking supply. Clean coal is another new technology that tries to reduce the impact on the environment. It is used to capture carbon emitted from the process. It is important to reduce the countrys reliance on coal because a huge proportion of the electricity used by the U.S. Comes from coal and coal can often produce a lot of CO2, the gas that cause global warming (according to some). For some environmentalists, nothing can save the planet. The believe, like Jensen, that human beings are psychopaths who want only to destroy the world. This is a very foolish idea and Jensen is clearly not an intelligent man. Nevertheless, the idea is out there and should be addressed. One of the great screen actors of the 20th century is surely Robert Redford. In three substantial contibutions to the history of American cinema, Redford starred in The Natural, The Sting, Three Days of the Condor and The Sundance Red. Each of these movies is unique in their own way and each tells a story about America and is moving. The Natural is a film about baseball. In it, Redford stars as man with a natural ability to play the game. He undergoes a number of trials and tribulations. The story in a sense is about success and failure in American life. It is truly moving to see how much baseball means to the main characters and how much they care. The Sting is a story about two conman. One of which is played by Redford and the other by